Atopic Dermatitis Pipeline Analysis 2017 - Clinical Trials & Results, Collaboration, and Other Developments

The pipeline for atopic dermatitis therapeutic is expected to witness significant growth in the future due to rising prevalence of the disease and food allergies, which is expected to impact around 20.0% of the global population in the developed countries, according to a research done by Nutrition and Health Department, Nestle Research Centre, in 2015. Many generic drugs are already being given, but with the introduction of biologics, particularly interleukin (IL) inhibitors, is expected to be an effective future strategy for the drug manufacturers. Currently, the physicians have no other pharmacological options, which leads to treatment failure and intolerability to cyclosporine can occur when physicians prescribe off-label therapies.

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Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, associated with hyperactivity to environmental triggers. It has been concluded from the various clinical findings of atopic dermatitis that pruritus, facial and extensor eczema in infants and children, flexural eczema in adults and chronicity of the dermatitis in many immunologic and inflammatory pathways are activated and complex interaction among susceptibility genes occurs which led to defect in skin function, systemic and local immune responses. It also gives rise to asthma, food allergy and allergic rhinitis, which is characterized by elevated serum IgE levels and peripheral eosinophilia. There are two forms of atopic dermatitis. Extrinsic atopic dermatitis, which includes expression of skin homing receptor, cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen by memory T cells produce Th2 cytokines. IL-13 and IL-4 are the isotypes which induce IgE synthesis and IL-5 and play an important role in eosinophil development. The T cells associated with cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen produce abnormally low level of IFN-γ which inhibit the Th2 cell function. In intrinsic atopic dermatitis, IL-13 and IL-4 production is less.

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In June 2016, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. collaborated with Sanofi to produce Dupilumab, was used in the treatment along with topical corticosteroids, alone in long term phase III trials. Leo Pharma collaborated with AstraZeneca plc and acquired the global license for tralokinumab in skin diseases and exclusive license for brodalumab in Europe.

Some of the key players having a pipeline of atopic dermatitis therapeutics include LEO Pharma, Mylan Laboratories Limited, Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Bayer AG and Encore Dermatology, Inc., Allergan, Inc., Chester Valley Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eisai, Inc., Dermik Laboratories, Inc., Genentech, Inc., Amgen, Inc. etc.